{"id":7883,"date":"2023-11-22T20:39:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-22T18:39:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lugera.ro\/blog\/?p=7883"},"modified":"2026-08-24T10:50:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T07:50:16","slug":"legea-whistleblower-interdictia-represaliilor-si-obligatia-angajatorilor-de-a-dovedi-ca-masurile-luate-nu-au-legatura-cu-fapta-avertizorului-de-integritate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lugera.ro\/blog\/legea-whistleblower-interdictia-represaliilor-si-obligatia-angajatorilor-de-a-dovedi-ca-masurile-luate-nu-au-legatura-cu-fapta-avertizorului-de-integritate\/","title":{"rendered":"Legea Whistleblower: Interdic\u021bia represaliilor \u0219i obliga\u021bia angajatorilor de a dovedi c\u0103 m\u0103surile luate nu au leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu fapta avertizorului de integritate"},"content":{"rendered":"

Articol actualizat la 24.08.2026<\/p>\n

Legea nr. 361\/2022<\/a> privind protec\u021bia avertizorilor \u00een interes public stabile\u0219te m\u0103suri importante pentru protejarea persoanelor care semnaleaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri ale legii \u00een mediul profesional. Una dintre cele mai relevante pentru angajatori este interdic\u021bia represaliilor \u00eempotriva avertizorilor. Analiz\u0103m ce poate reprezenta o m\u0103sur\u0103 de represalii \u0219i cum influen\u021beaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 regul\u0103 responsabilit\u0103\u021bile angajatorilor \u0219i drepturile avertizorilor.<\/p>\n

Pentru cadrul general privind raport\u0103rile interne, procedurile \u0219i responsabilit\u0103\u021bile organiza\u021biilor, po\u021bi consulta \u0219i articolul Lugera despre obliga\u021biile \u0219i implica\u021biile Legii Whistleblower pentru companii<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Domenul de aplicare a legii Whistleblower<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00cenainte de toate, este important s\u0103 stabilim domeniul de aplicare. Astfel, \u00een acord cu prevederile actului normativ, legea se aplic\u0103 persoanelor care efectueaz\u0103 raport\u0103ri \u0219i care au ob\u021binut informa\u021biile referitoare la \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri ale legii \u00eentr-un context profesional. \u00cen categoria acestor persoane intr\u0103, cel pu\u021bin:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. lucr\u0103torii;<\/li>\n
  2. persoanele care desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 o activitate independent\u0103, \u00een \u00een\u021belesul art. 49 din Tratatul privind func\u021bionarea Uniunii Europene;<\/li>\n
  3. ac\u021bionarii \u0219i persoanele care fac parte din organul de administrare, de conducere sau de supraveghere al unei \u00eentreprinderi, inclusiv membrii neexecutivi ai consiliului de administra\u021bie, precum \u0219i voluntarii \u0219i stagiarii remunera\u021bi sau neremunera\u021bi;<\/li>\n
  4. orice persoan\u0103 care lucreaz\u0103 sub supravegherea \u0219i conducerea persoanei fizice sau juridice cu care s-a \u00eencheiat contractul, a subcontractan\u021bilor \u0219i a furnizorilor acesteia.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Legea se aplic\u0103 \u0219i persoanelor ale c\u0103ror raporturi de munc\u0103 nu au \u00eenceput \u00eenc\u0103 \u0219i care efectueaz\u0103 raport\u0103ri prin intermediul canalelor interne sau externe ori divulg\u0103 public informa\u021bii privind \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri ale legii ob\u021binute \u00een timpul procesului de recrutare sau al altor negocieri precontractuale. De asemenea, protec\u021bia poate fi aplicabil\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care raportul de munc\u0103 sau raportul de serviciu a \u00eencetat.<\/p>\n

    Legea are \u00een vedere \u0219i persoanele care raporteaz\u0103 sau divulg\u0103 public informa\u021bii privind \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri ale legii \u00een mod anonim, \u00een condi\u021biile prev\u0103zute de actul normativ.<\/p>\n

    Este important \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 apartenen\u021ba la una dintre aceste categorii nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 orice reclama\u021bie sau sesizare beneficiaz\u0103 automat de protec\u021bia specific\u0103 unui avertizor \u00een interes public. Am explicat separat cine este protejat de Legea avertizorilor \u0219i \u00een ce condi\u021bii o sesizare poate oferi statutul de whistleblower<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \"Whistlblower,<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Represalii \u00een Context Profesional: Ce Include Legea?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Legea define\u0219te represaliile ca „orice ac\u021biune sau omisiune, direct\u0103 sau indirect\u0103, ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00eentr-un context profesional, care este determinat\u0103 de raportarea intern\u0103 sau extern\u0103 ori de divulgarea public\u0103 \u0219i care provoac\u0103 sau poate provoca prejudicii avertizorului \u00een interes public.”<\/p>\n

    Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 orice m\u0103sur\u0103 negativ\u0103 luat\u0103 \u00eempotriva unui avertizor, fie c\u0103 este vorba de suspendarea contractului de munc\u0103, concediere, reducerea salariului sau alte sanc\u021biuni, trebuie s\u0103 fie dovedit\u0103 a nu avea leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu raportarea acestuia.<\/p>\n

    Conform Art. 22<\/a>, \u201deste interzis\u0103 orice form\u0103 de represalii \u00eempotriva avertizorilor \u00een interes public, amenin\u021b\u0103ri cu represalii sau tentative de represalii, \u00een special cele care privesc:<\/p>\n

    a) orice suspendare a contractului individual de munc\u0103 ori a raportului de serviciu;<\/p>\n

    b) concedierea sau eliberarea din func\u021bia public\u0103;<\/p>\n

    c) modificarea contractului de munc\u0103 sau a raportului de serviciu;<\/p>\n

    d) reducerea salariului \u0219i schimbarea programului de lucru;<\/p>\n

    e) retrogradarea sau \u00eempiedicarea promov\u0103rii \u00een munc\u0103 sau \u00een func\u021bia public\u0103 \u0219i a dezvolt\u0103rii profesionale, inclusiv prin evalu\u0103ri negative ale performan\u021bei profesionale individuale, inclusiv a func\u021bionarilor publici, sau prin recomand\u0103ri negative pentru activitatea profesional\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103;<\/p>\n

    f) aplicarea oric\u0103rei alte sanc\u021biuni disciplinare;<\/p>\n

    g) constr\u00e2ngerea, intimidarea, h\u0103r\u021buirea;<\/p>\n

    h) discriminarea, crearea unui alt dezavantaj sau supunerea la un tratament inechitabil;<\/p>\n

    i) refuzul de a transforma un contract de munc\u0103 pe o perioad\u0103 determinat\u0103 \u00eentr-un contract de munc\u0103 pe durat\u0103 nedeterminat\u0103, \u00een cazul \u00een care lucr\u0103torul a avut a\u0219tept\u0103ri legitime c\u0103 i s-ar oferi un post permanent;<\/p>\n

    j) refuzul de a re\u00eennoi un contract de munc\u0103 pe o perioad\u0103 determinat\u0103 sau \u00eencetarea anticipat\u0103 a unui astfel de contract;<\/p>\n

    k) cauzarea de prejudicii, inclusiv la adresa reputa\u021biei persoanei \u00een cauz\u0103, \u00een special pe platformele de comunicare social\u0103, sau pierderi financiare, inclusiv sub forma pierderii oportunit\u0103\u021bilor de afaceri \u0219i a pierderii de venituri;<\/p>\n

    l) includerea pe o list\u0103 sau \u00eentr-o baz\u0103 de date negativ\u0103, pe baza unui acord sectorial sau la nivel de industrie, formal sau informal, care poate presupune c\u0103 persoana \u00een cauz\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i va g\u0103si, \u00een viitor, un loc de munc\u0103 \u00een respectivul sector sau \u00een respectiva industrie;<\/p>\n

    m) rezilierea \u00eenainte de termen sau anularea unui contract pentru bunuri sau servicii;<\/p>\n

    n) anularea unei licen\u021be sau a unui permis;<\/p>\n

    o) solicitarea de efectuare a unei evalu\u0103ri psihiatrice sau medicale.<\/p>\n

    Protec\u021bia Extins\u0103: Cine Beneficiaz\u0103?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Legea Whistleblower nu se limiteaz\u0103 doar la avertizori. Persoanele ter\u021be, precum colegii sau rudele care au leg\u0103turi cu avertizorul \u0219i care ar putea suferi represalii \u00eentr-un context profesional, precum \u0219i anumite persoane juridice asociate avertizorului pot beneficia, de asemenea, de protec\u021bie.<\/p>\n

    Protec\u021bia este acordat\u0103 \u0219i facilitatorilor care \u00eel sprijin\u0103 pe avertizor \u00een procesul de raportare \u0219i care pot suferi consecin\u021be negative din cauza acestei implic\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

    Cine Dovede\u0219te Leg\u0103tura cu Raportarea?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Legea Whistleblower stabile\u0219te clar c\u0103, \u00een caz de litigiu, angajatorul are sarcina de a dovedi c\u0103 m\u0103surile luate \u00eempotriva avertizorului nu au leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu raportarea sau divulgarea public\u0103.<\/p>\n

    M\u0103suri Reparatorii: Protec\u021bia \u00cempotriva Represaliilor<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Legisla\u021bia prevede mecanisme prin care avertizorii pot contesta m\u0103surile pe care le consider\u0103 represalii \u0219i pot solicita \u00eenl\u0103turarea consecin\u021belor acestora. Protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva represaliilor completeaz\u0103 interdic\u021biile privind concedierea, reducerea salariului, h\u0103r\u021buirea sau alte m\u0103suri dezavantajoase determinate de raportare \u0219i urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 asigure protec\u021bia efectiv\u0103 a avertizorului.<\/p>\n

    \u201eEste probabil ca represaliile s\u0103 fie prezentate ca fiind justificate de alte motive dec\u00e2t cele legate de raportare \u0219i poate fi foarte dificil pentru persoanele care efectueaz\u0103 raport\u0103ri s\u0103 dovedeasc\u0103 leg\u0103tura dintre raportare \u0219i represalii, \u00een timp ce autorii represaliilor pot avea mai mult\u0103 putere \u0219i mai multe resurse pentru a documenta ac\u021biunile \u00eentreprinse \u0219i motiva\u021bia. Prin urmare, \u00een momentul \u00een care persoana care efectueaz\u0103 raportarea demonstreaz\u0103, la prima vedere, c\u0103 a raportat \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri sau c\u0103 a f\u0103cut o divulgare public\u0103 \u00een conformitate cu prezenta directiv\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 a suferit un prejudiciu, sarcina probei ar trebui s\u0103 \u00eei revin\u0103 persoanei care a \u00eentreprins m\u0103surile prejudiciabile, care ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 \u00een acest caz obliga\u021bia de a demonstra c\u0103 m\u0103surile luate nu au fost legate \u00een niciun fel de raportare sau de divulgarea public\u0103<\/em>\u201d, prevede\u00a0Directiva Whistleblower<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    Concluzie: Asigurarea Integrit\u0103\u021bii \u00een Mediul Profesional<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Legea Whistleblower reprezint\u0103 un pas semnificativ c\u0103tre un mediu de lucru mai etic \u0219i transparent. Protejarea avertizorilor \u0219i a celor afecta\u021bi de represalii devine astfel o prioritate, promov\u00e2nd principiile integrit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i echit\u0103\u021bii \u00een organiza\u021bii.<\/p>\n

    Pentru angajatori, una dintre implica\u021biile practice importante este necesitatea de a putea documenta motivele obiective care stau la baza m\u0103surilor luate \u00een raport cu un avertizor, mai ales atunci c\u00e2nd acestea ar putea fi contestate ca represalii.<\/p>\n

    Photo credit shutterstock.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Articol actualizat la 24.08.2026 Legea nr. 361\/2022 privind protec\u021bia avertizorilor \u00een interes public stabile\u0219te m\u0103suri importante pentru protejarea persoanelor care semnaleaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri ale legii \u00een mediul profesional. Una dintre cele mai relevante pentru angajatori este interdic\u021bia represaliilor \u00eempotriva avertizorilor. Analiz\u0103m ce poate reprezenta o m\u0103sur\u0103 de represalii \u0219i cum influen\u021beaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 regul\u0103 responsabilit\u0103\u021bile angajatorilor \u0219i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[663],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lugera-payroll"],"images":{"medium":"https:\/\/www.lugera.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/shutterstock_2357434845-300x111.jpg","large":"https:\/\/www.lugera.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/shutterstock_2357434845.jpg"},"yoast_head":"\nWhistleblower - Lege<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Whistleblower: Interdic\u021bia represaliilor \u0219i obliga\u021bia de a dovedi c\u0103 m\u0103surile nu au leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu fapta avertizorului de integritate\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lugera.ro\/blog\/legea-whistleblower-interdictia-represaliilor-si-obligatia-angajatorilor-de-a-dovedi-ca-masurile-luate-nu-au-legatura-cu-fapta-avertizorului-de-integritate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Whistleblower - 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